Intensive Care Medicine has undergone profound transformations in recent years. Although reliable data specific to Portugal is unavailable, it is estimated that Intensive Care Departments (ICD) account for approximately 13.4% of total hospital costs, 4.1% of national healthcare spending, and nearly 0.6% of the gross national product globally.1 Given the rapid pace of development in this field, ensuring safe, effective and equitable care depends on solid metrics and high-quality research as the cornerstones for continuous improvement.

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