Although more than 40 years have passed since the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) included authorship criteria in the guidelines that are most used by authors, editors and others involved in peer review and biomedical publishing (the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, currently Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals), unethical authorship practices are exceedingly prevalent in scientific publishing, even in the most prestigious research institutions and journals.1,2

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