Association between Serum Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy in Portuguese Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Authors

  • Miguel Lopes Faculty of Medicine. Porto University. Porto. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-3580
  • Rita Laiginhas Faculty of Medicine. Porto University. Porto. Department of Ophthalmology. Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga. Santa Maria da Feira. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7275-6470
  • Carolina Madeira Department of Ophthalmology. Centro Hospitalar de São João. Porto.
  • João Sérgio Neves Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Centro Hospitalar de São João. Porto. Department of Surgery and Physiology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Porto. Porto. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8173-8255
  • Margarida Barbosa Faculty of Medicine. Porto University. Porto. Department of Anesthesiology. Centro Hospitalar de São João. Porto. I3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde. University of Porto. Porto.
  • Vitor Rosas Department of Ophthalmology. Centro Hospitalar de São João. Porto.
  • Davide Carvalho Faculty of Medicine. Porto University. Porto. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Centro Hospitalar de São João. Porto. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3156-3741
  • Fernando Falcão-Reis Department of Ophthalmology. Centro Hospitalar de São João. Porto. Department of Surgery and Physiology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Porto. Porto.
  • Manuel Falcão Department of Ophthalmology. Centro Hospitalar de São João. Porto. Department of Surgery and Physiology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Porto. Porto. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-0910

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.12890

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetic Retinopathy, Portugal, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency

Abstract

Introduction: Recently, vitamin D has gained importance as a diabetes risk modifier. Our aim was to assess the association between serum vitamin D levels and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Material and Methods: Retrospective review of a population of patients with type 1 diabetes followed in a Portuguese tertiary center. Patients were included if they had an ophthalmological evaluation and a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level determination within the same year. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for possible confounders.
Results: We included 182 patients (47% male), and 57% (n = 103) had signs of diabetic retinopathy. We found a significant association between lower circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and a greater prevalence of diabetic retinopathy after adjusting for confounders (duration of diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, age, sex, metabolic control, season, dyslipidemia and hypertension) (OR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.90 - 0.99, p = 0.023). Longer duration of diabetes and worse metabolic control also remained associated with diabetic retinopathy in the multivariate analysis (OR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.13 - 1.27, p < 0.001 and OR = 4.13; 95% CI 1.34 - 12.7, p = 0.013, respectively).
Conclusion: Lower levels of vitamin D were associated with an increased prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes, after adjusting for possible confounders. Future controlled studies may elucidate the molecular routes for this association as well as the role of supplementation in the prevention of diabetes microvascular complications.

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Published

2020-07-01

How to Cite

1.
Lopes M, Laiginhas R, Madeira C, Neves JS, Barbosa M, Rosas V, Carvalho D, Falcão-Reis F, Falcão M. Association between Serum Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy in Portuguese Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Acta Med Port [Internet]. 2020 Jul. 1 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];33(7-8):459-65. Available from: https://actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/12890

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AMP Student Original