Free flaps in the reconstruction of head and neck. Clinical experience.

Abstract

The reconstruction of head and neck defects, due to trauma, tumor resection or other, begins with a careful assessment of the patient and the respective defect. Ideally, it ends with the successful reconstructive procedure that optimally restores form and function to the patient. Free flaps have often been used as a last resort reconstructive option in the head and neck because of the need for added technical skill, a longer operating time and a perception of poor reliability. This study reviews our experience with forty-eight patients submitted to microvascular reconstructive procedures. Twelve different kinds of free flaps have been involved as the preferred choice for free flap reconstruction of a specific defect of the head and neck. The latissimus dorsi flap was used for scalp and skull reconstruction, whereas the serratus anterior or rectus abdominis free flaps were used for the reconstruction of complex defects of the middle third of the face. The radial forearm flap and the free jejunal transfer have become the preferred choices for intraoral and pharyngo-esophageal reconstruction, respectively. Good results were obtained with both functional and social rehabilitation. There were three flap losses probably due to thrombosis of the microvascular anastomosis. There was no surgical mortality. The indications for each free flap are discussed.