Hesitação e Recusa da Vacina Contra a COVID-19 entre Profissionais de Saúde: Estudo Transversal num Hospital Português
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.22540Palavras-chave:
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde, Hesitação Vacinal, Recusa de Vacinação, Vacinas contra COVID-19Resumo
Introdução: A hesitação vacinal é reconhecida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como uma das principais ameaças à saúde global, tendo adquirido contornos singulares no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Os profissionais de saúde são reconhecidos como uma das fontes de informação mais confiáveis relativamente à vacinação. A sua posição perante a imunização constitui um fator determinante da sua intenção de a recomendar a terceiros, com potencial repercussão na taxa de adesão à vacina na população geral. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar do ponto de vista sociodemográfico os profissionais de saúde de um hospital terciário português que recusaram a vacinação contra a COVID-19 e analisar os motivos da hesitação/recusa e intenção de vacinação no futuro.
Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal conduzido em 2021, cuja população-alvo compreende os profissionais de saúde propostos a completar o esquema vacinal primário contra a COVID-19. Aos que recusaram a vacinação, foi solicitado o preenchimento do “Questionário de Não-Vacinação COVID-19”, que incluía uma questão de escolha múltipla e um campo de resposta livre sobre os motivos da hesitação/recusa e a pretensão de vacinação no futuro. Foram analisadas as variáveis ‘sexo’, ‘idade’ e ‘categoria profissional’.
Resultados: Entre os 6648 profissionais de saúde da amostra, 2,3% (n = 153) recusaram realizar o esquema vacinal completo. A média de idades foi de 46 anos (DP = 11), sendo a proporção, em cada grupo etário de 1,2% com ≤ 35 anos; 2,5% com 36 - 45 anos; 3,1% com > 45 anos. A taxa de recusa vacinal, entre o total de profissionais de cada sexo, foi de 2,3% no sexo feminino e 2,4% no masculino. Uma maior proporção de recusa ocorreu nos assistentes operacionais (n = 53, 4,0%) e assistentes técnicos (n = 13, 3,0%). Observaram-se 16 motivos de hesitação/recusa vacinal, sendo os mais relatados: receio de reações adversas (n = 31), investigação insuficiente das vacinas (n = 22), desconfiança na eficácia das vacinas (n = 25). Apenas 28,1% (n = 43) demonstraram intenção de vacinação no futuro.
Conclusão: Verificou-se uma elevada taxa de aceitação do esquema vacinal primário contra a COVID-19. A probabilidade de recusa vacinal foi semelhante entre ambos os sexos, mas superior em indivíduos com mais de 45 anos e nos assistentes operacionais. Destacaram-se os motivos de recusa vacinal que pressupunham preocupações relativas à segurança da vacina. Estudos adicionais são necessários para melhor compreensão das dinâmicas subjacentes à hesitação/recusa vacinal.
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