Artificial Nutrition in Children (I): Enteral Access

Abstract

Appropriate nutritional support is crucial in the therapeutic approach of multiple conditions, which justifies the frequent and increasing use of specific access routes for enteral and parenteral nutrition. This article reviews the relevant literature concerning indications, procedures, effectiveness and complications of enteral access routes in children. The decision between gastric and postpyloric access, and between nasogastric tube and gastrostomy is thoroughly discussed. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is the most commonly used technique when a long-term gastric access is required, given its efficacy and safety although the associated morbidity is not negligible;
laparoscopic gastrostomy emerges as a potentially advantageous alternative.

Keywords: Child; Enteral Nutrition; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Gastrostomy; Jejunostomy; Laparoscopy.