Parental Perception of Their Child’s Weight Status in Portugal: An Observational Study

Daniela Rodrigues; Aristides Machado-Rodrigues; Augusta Gama; Helena Nogueira; Maria-Raquel G. Silva; Cristina Padez

doi:10.20344/amp.19510

Autores

Daniela Rodrigues Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Department of Life Sciences. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-4303
Aristides Machado-Rodrigues Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; High School of Education. Polytechnic Institute of Viseu. Viseu; Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-8034
Augusta Gama Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Department of Animal Biology. University of Lisbon. Lisbon. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2143-8602
Helena Nogueira Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Faculty of Arts and Humanities. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5724-3538
Maria-Raquel G. Silva Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Faculty of Health Sciences. University Fernando Pessoa. Porto. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-3119
Cristina Padez Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS). University of Coimbra. Coimbra; Department of Life Sciences. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-3497

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.19510

Palavras-chave:

Criança, Excesso de Peso, Obesidade Pediátrica, Pais

Resumo

Introdução: A perceção que os pais têm do peso dos filhos pode influenciar a adoção de comportamentos saudáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar a perceção que os pais têm do peso dos filhos em dois períodos (2009 - 2010 e 2016 - 2017) e em vários subgrupos da população.
Métodos: Os dados foram recolhidos no âmbito de dois projetos nacionais (2009 - 2010: n = 6577; 2016 - 2017: n = 7594), em infantários e escolas primárias, públicas e privadas, em Portugal continental (crianças entre os três e os 10 anos). Através de um questionário, os pais descreveram os filhos em relação ao peso atual: 1) muito magro, 2) magro, 3) normal, 4) com algum peso a mais, ou 5) com muito peso em excesso. A altura e o peso das crianças foram recolhidos objetivamente e os pontos de corte da International Obesity Task Force foram usados para classificar o estado nutricional da criança. A acuidade da perceção parental foi calculada de acordo com o sexo, a idade, e o peso da criança, assim como com o peso dos pais; as diferenças entre os dois períodos foram registadas.
Resultados: No geral, a acuidade da perceção que os pais têm do peso dos filhos foi maior em 2016 - 2017 do que em 2009 - 2010, independentemente do sexo e idade da criança, e do estado nutricional e nível educacional dos pais (65,7% e 60,5%, respetivamente). No entanto, a perceção de obesidade nas crianças foi cerca de 50% mais baixa em 2016 - 2017 do que em 2009 - 2010.
Conclusão: Este estudo mostrou uma acuidade da perceção do peso maior em 2016 - 2017 do que em 2009 - 2010, contudo, o contrário verificou-se em crianças com obesidade. São necessárias estratégias para ajudar os pais a melhorarem a perceção do peso adequado para os seus filhos.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants. Lancet. 2020;396:1511-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/ey.18.13.15

Rodrigues D, Muc M, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Padez C. Less obesity but higher inequalities in Portuguese children: trends of childhood obesity between 20002-2016. Acta Paediatr. 2020;110:1526-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15708

Smith JD, Fu E, Kobayashi M. Prevention and management of childhood obesity and its psychological and health comorbidities. Ann Rev Clin Psychol. 2020;16:351-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-100219-060201

Hebebrand J, Holm JC, Woodward E, Baker JL, Blaak E, Schutz DD, et al. A proposal of the European Association for the study of obesity to improve the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for obesity based on the three dimensions etiology, degree of adiposity and health risk. Obes Facts. 2017;10:284-307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000479208

Lundahl A, Kidwell KM, Nelson TD. Parental underestimates of child weight: a meta-analysis. Pediatr. 2014;133:e689-703. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2690

O’Brien K, Agostino J, Ciszek K, Douglas KA. Parents’ perceptions of their child’s weight among children in their first year of primary school: a mixedmethods analysis of an Australian cross-sectional (complete enumeration) study. Int J Obes. 2022;46:992-1001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01068-5

Ramos Salas X, Buoncristiano M, Williams J, Kebbe M, Spinelli A, Nardone P, et al. Parental perceptions of children’s weight status in 22 countries: the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: COSI 2015/2017. Obes Facts. 2021;14:658-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000517586

Xhonneux A, Langhendries JP, Martin F, Seidel L, Albert A, Dain E, et al. Parental perception of body weight status of their 8-year-old children: findings from the European CHOP Study. Matern Child Health J. 2022;26:1274-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03334-w

McKee C, Long L, Southward LH, Walker B, McCown J. The role of parental misperception of child’s body weight in childhood obesity. J Pediatr Nurs. 2016;31:196-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2015.10.003

Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000;320:1240-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240

Tompkins CL, Seablom M, Brock DW. Parental perception of child’s body weight: a systematic review. J Child Fam Stud. 2015;24:1384-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9945-0

Rodrigues D, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Padez C. Parental misperception of their child’s weight status and how weight underestimation is associated with childhood obesity. Am J Hum Biol. 2020;32:e23393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23393

Timperio A, Cameron-Smith D, Burns C, Crawford D. The public’s response to the obesity epidemic in Australia: weight concerns and weight-control practices of men and women. Public Health Nutr. 2000;3:417-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980000000483

Sugiyama T, Horino M, Inoue K, Kobayashi Y, Shapiro MF, McCarthy WJ. Trends of child’s weight perception by children, parents, and healthcare professionals during the time of terminology change in childhood obesity in the United States, 2005-2014. Child Obes. 2016;12:463-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2016.0128

Duncan DT, Hansen AR, Wang W, Yan F, Zhang J. Change in misperception of child’s body weight among parents of American preschool children. Child Obes. 2015;11:384-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2014.0104

Hansen AR, Duncan DT, Tarasenko YN, Yan F, Zhang J. Generational shift in parental perceptions of overweight among school-aged children. Pediatr. 2014;134:481-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0012

Ruiter EL, Saat JJ, Molleman GR, Fransen GA, van der Velden K, van Jaarsveld CH, et al. Parents’ underestimation of their child’s weight status. Moderating factors and change over time: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0227761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227761

Crawford D, Timperio A, Telford A, Salmon J. Parental concerns about childhood obesity and the strategies employed to prevent unhealthy weight gain in children. Public Health Nutr. 2005;9:889-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/PHN2005917

Alshahrani A, Shuweihdi F, Swift J, Avery A. Underestimation of overweight weight status in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Sci Pract. 2021;7:760-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.531

Duarte LS, Fujimori E, Toriyama AT, Palombo CN, Borges AL, Kurihayashi AY. Brazilian maternal weight perception and satisfaction with toddler body size: a study in primary health care. J Pediatr Nurs. 2016;31:490-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2016.03.022

Robinson E, Sutin AR. Parents’ perceptions of their children as overweight and children’s weight concerns and weight gain. Psychol Sci. 2017;28:320-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616682027

Vrijkotte TG, Varkevisser TM, van Schalkwijk DB, Hartman MA. Maternal underestimation of child’s weight at pre-school age and weight development between 5 and 12 years: the ABCD-study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145197

McPherson AC, Hamilton J, Kingsnorth S, Knibbe TJ, Peters M, Swift JA, et al. Communicating with children and families about obesity and weightrelated topics: a scoping review of best practices. Obes Rev. 2017;18:164-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12485

Chamberlin LA, Sherman SN, Jain A, Powers SW, Whitaker RC. The challenge of preventing and treating obesity in low-income, preschool children: perceptions of WIC health care professionals. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:662-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.156.7.662

de Ruiter I, Olmedo-Requena R, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Parental and child factors associated with underestimation of children with excess weight in Spain. Matern Child Health J. 2017;21:2052-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-017-2304-1