Ansiedade e Perturbação de Ansiedade Generalizada em Atletas de Elite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.21600Palavras-chave:
Ansiedade, Atletas, Desporto, Perturbação de AnsiedadeResumo
A actividade física é recomendada como estratégia de promoção da saúde mental, podendo integrar planos de tratamento de perturbações psiquiátricas que afetam a população em geral. No entanto, os atletas de elite são uma subpopulação com fatores protetores e de risco inerentes à prática desportiva de alta competição, não estando blindados contra sintomas e patologias do foro psiquiátrico. A saúde mental de atletas de elite tem sido alvo de cada vez maior atenção, impulsionada, em parte, pelas iniciativas do International Olympic Committee e pela crescente importância da psiquiatria desportiva. O presente trabalho foca o estudo da ansiedade, dando especial relevo à perturbação da ansiedade generalizada em atletas de elite, enquadrando-se na tipologia de revisão bibliográfica narrativa. A nossa análise permitiu concluir que a ansiedade competitiva pode afetar, de forma tanto prejudicial como benéfica, o desempenho atlético. A avaliação da duração, frequência e impacto funcional dos sintomas de ansiedade é crucial para a exclusão da perturbação de ansiedade generalizada. Atletas de elite não apresentam uma prevalência significativamente diferente de perturbação de ansiedade generalizada comparativamente com a população em geral. A identificação de fatores protetores e de risco específicos pode contribuir para a adoção de estratégias preventivas e de intervenção mais eficazes. Tal como na população em geral, a psicoterapia é recomendada como tratamento inicial desta patologia em atletas de elite, associada, se necessário, a farmacoterapia, desde que respeite as diretrizes da World Anti-Doping Agency.
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