Ansiedade e Perturbação de Ansiedade Generalizada em Atletas de Elite

Autores

  • Laura Pires Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar. Universidade do Porto. Porto. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6881-8542
  • Sofia Gomes Departamento de Saúde Mental. Unidade Orgânica do Hospital de Magalhães Lemos. Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António. Porto. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4836-5725
  • Paula Freitas Departamento de Ciências do Comportamento. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Unidade de Psiquiatria de Ligação. Departamento de Saúde Mental. Hospital Magalhães Lemos. Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António. Porto.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.21600

Palavras-chave:

Ansiedade, Atletas, Desporto, Perturbação de Ansiedade

Resumo

A actividade física é recomendada como estratégia de promoção da saúde mental, podendo integrar planos de tratamento de perturbações psiquiátricas que afetam a população em geral. No entanto, os atletas de elite são uma subpopulação com fatores protetores e de risco inerentes à prática desportiva de alta competição, não estando blindados contra sintomas e patologias do foro psiquiátrico. A saúde mental de atletas de elite tem sido alvo de cada vez maior atenção, impulsionada, em parte, pelas iniciativas do International Olympic Committee e pela crescente importância da psiquiatria desportiva. O presente trabalho foca o estudo da ansiedade, dando especial relevo à perturbação da ansiedade generalizada em atletas de elite, enquadrando-se na tipologia de revisão bibliográfica narrativa. A nossa análise permitiu concluir que a ansiedade competitiva pode afetar, de forma tanto prejudicial como benéfica, o desempenho atlético. A avaliação da duração, frequência e impacto funcional dos sintomas de ansiedade é crucial para a exclusão da perturbação de ansiedade generalizada. Atletas de elite não apresentam uma prevalência significativamente diferente de perturbação de ansiedade generalizada comparativamente com a população em geral. A identificação de fatores protetores e de risco específicos pode contribuir para a adoção de estratégias preventivas e de intervenção mais eficazes. Tal como na população em geral, a psicoterapia é recomendada como tratamento inicial desta patologia em atletas de elite, associada, se necessário, a farmacoterapia, desde que respeite as diretrizes da World Anti-Doping Agency.

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Publicado

2024-11-15

Como Citar

1.
Pires L, Gomes S, Freitas P. Ansiedade e Perturbação de Ansiedade Generalizada em Atletas de Elite. Acta Med Port [Internet]. 15 de Novembro de 2024 [citado 17 de Novembro de 2024];. Disponível em: https://actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/21600

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