Risco de parto pré-termo. Estudo transversal dos seus determinantes.

Resumo

Substancial evidence links gestational duration to birth outcome, and a large number of determinants for premature delivery have been identified. However, most preterm births (gestational age of less than 37 weeks) remain unexplained, and there is a wide geographical variation in risk factors. The purpose of this epidemiologic survey was to study the relationship between gestational duration and the mother's demographic, obstetric and nutritional characteristics, clinical course of pregnancy and labour, alcohol, coffee and tobacco consumption, and prenatal care. Data were collected for 740 consecutive deliveries (3.6% preterm) corresponding to 750 live-births. Except for the number of prenatal visits, no relation was found between gestational age and the variables assessed (r approximately equal to 0). There was an increased risk for preterm delivery when a disease complicated the course of pregnancy (OR = 2.7), there were less than 6 prenatal visits (OR = 4.9), pelvic presentation (OR = 5.7) or twins (OR = 12.7). After adjustment for these variables only prenatal care and twinning remained significantly associated with an increased risk. In this population, the authors identified prenatal care as the most important modifiable factor associated with preterm delivery.