Viscoelastic Tests in the Evaluation of Haemostasis Disturbances in SARS-CoV2 Infection

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.14784

Keywords:

Blood Coagulation Disorders, Blood Coagulation Tests, Coronavirus Infections, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Thrombosis

Abstract

COVID-19 associated coagulopathy is a dysfunction of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by significantly increased fibrinogen, D-dimer and C reactive protein and normal to near-normal prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and platelet count. Hypercoagulopathy and hypofibrinolysis coexist and are detected by viscoelastic tests. These features, when associated with immobilization and intrinsic risk factors (age, obesity, comorbidities, drugs) of the patient, can trigger thromboembolic events, despite thromboprophylaxis. The lungs are the first and most severely damaged organ. To date, most patients have exhibited hypercoagulability on viscoelastic tests not detected by standard coagulation tests. A high rate of thrombotic events was reported, suggesting that it should be considered as a cause of clinical deterioration in intensive care and potentially other clinical settings. In advanced stage, COVID-19 associated coagulopathy, fibrinogen and platelet count can decrease significantly, depending on the severity of clinical status resembling consumptive coagulopathy. In this stage, bleeding events can occur, especially if the patient is under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Viscoelastic tests are very useful tools to assess hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis (not detectable by standard coagulation tests) in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 patients with COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and look like very promising tools for anticoagulation management. However, further research needs to be carried out to determine whether abnormal viscoelastic tests alone or in combination with other clinical or laboratory findings can identify patients at increased thrombotic risk. Clinical trials to evaluate hypercoagulability using viscoelastic tests and the need for personalized dosage of anticoagulation in SARS-CoV-2 patients
are quickly emerging.

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Author Biography

Anabela Rodrigues, Serviço de Imuno-hemoterapia. Hospital Santa Maria. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte. Lisboa.

Teresa Sofia Seara Sevivas

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Published

2021-01-04

How to Cite

1.
Rodrigues A, Seara Sevivas T, Leal Pereira C, Caiado A, Robalo Nunes A. Viscoelastic Tests in the Evaluation of Haemostasis Disturbances in SARS-CoV2 Infection. Acta Med Port [Internet]. 2021 Jan. 4 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];34(1):44-55. Available from: https://actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/14784

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Section

Review Articles